Themes in Native American Tricksters

Table of Contents Abstract Introduction Conclusion Works Cited Abstract Although the Native American trickster narratives are short and uncomplicated, each tale exemplifies an entire way of life. When put in their literary context, the plainness of the stories actually carries deeper meanings. Although the Native American people do not share a unified body of mythology, all the different trickster tales convey life lessons of ethics and principles of behavior. On top of this, nearly all the trickster tales among the Native American people carry the same themes and plot elements.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Themes in Native American Tricksters specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This aspect makes the naughty but holy Trickster a key figure in the Native American oral tradition. Whether the character is the wizened old man Coyote of the Crow tribes, Raven in the Indian lore or even Wakdjunkaga of the Winnebago, the narratives seems to be written from the same script. This research paper examines some of the major themes and plot elements found in Native American trickster tales. Introduction Although the Native American trickster narratives are short and uncomplicated, each tale exemplifies an entire way of life. When put in their literary context, the plainness of the stories actually carries deeper meanings. Although the Native American people do not share a unified body of mythology, all the different trickster tales convey life lessons of ethics and principles of behavior. On top of this, nearly all the trickster tales among the Native American people carry the same themes and plot elements. This aspect makes the naughty but holy Trickster a key figure in the Native American oral tradition. Whether the character is the wizened old man Coyote of the Crow tribes, Raven in the Indian lore or even Wakdjunkaga of the Winnebago, the narratives seems to be written from the same scr ipt. This research paper examines some of the major themes and plot elements found in Native American trickster tales. (Smith) One theme that is almost dominant in all the American Trickster narratives is Sacrifice. This is brought out in the situation where different characters perform selfless acts meant for the benefit of the whole society. In almost all the stories, there are instances where a certain character embarks on a dangerous mission that is meant to benefit the whole community. The recurrence of this theme is meant to make people reflect on what they can do for the benefit of humanity. (Babcock-Abrahams 150) In the tale of Coyote and the Monster that is taught among the Navajo, Coyote is distraught upon learning that the monster has eaten all his friends. Although the monster is unable to eat him, Coyote does not relax but instead he devises a way to free his friends. The monster decides to convince Coyote to stay at his house as a guest. The ever-cunning Coyote tells t he monster that he would be happy to be his guest but first seeks permission to visit his friends. Without thinking of the danger involved, Coyote goes inside the monster’s stomach where he cuts the monster’s heart and he is able to free his friends. Coyote’s action is a selfless act that everyone in the society should emulate if we are truly willing to help humanity. (Babcock-Abrahams 160)Advertising Looking for research paper on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another tale that bears the theme of sacrifice is the one taught among the Karok tribe on how Coyote stole fire. In this tale, Coyote is a spirit being who is busy doing his usual chores when he notices how men who have just come into the world have problems during winter. During this period, the children and aged people usually die because of the cold weather. Being a spirit being, Coyote does not need anything to warm himself during the winter season. One day, Coyote happens to be passing near a human village when he hears women mourning their children who have died during the winter. Moved by compassion, Coyote decides to help the women acquire fire from the fiery Fire Beings. Disregarding the beings fiery nature, Coyote embarks on a dangerous mission to get the fire. He rallies the support of other animals and together they devise a way of stealing the fire from these beings. In the process, the involved animals end up suffering for their actions but they are able to achieve their mission. Finally, man is able to have fire for warming himself during the winter season and his children and the aged stop dying from the cold. This is a complete act of sacrifice since the animals that help in getting the fire do not stand to benefit from the whole mission. (Babcock-Abrahams 166) Another central theme in many Native American tales is culture heroes and transformers. In almost every story, a culture hero tra nsforms the world into an ideal place and most importantly teaches people how to live. The role of such a character is to help people in distress and to teach them lessons on morality and even to create things out of nothingness. The importance of this theme is perhaps to show how leaders can help in bringing transformation to the society. A classic example of this theme is the Wishram tale that explains how Eagle tried to stop people from dying forever. After the death of his children, Eagle and Coyote embark on a journey to reclaim their dead children and permanently stop the pangs of death. By using his brains, Eagle succeeds in killing Moon and rescues the dead people. However, Coyote’s over enthusiastic nature destroys the plan and the result is that people end up dying forever. Although Eagle fails in his mission, the story is a classic example of cultural heroism and willingness to bring transformation in the world. This theme is also present in the Navajo version wher e Coyote uses his brains to terminate the monster that has killed his friends. (Babcock-Abrahams 170)Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Themes in Native American Tricksters specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Another theme that is recurrent in all American Trickster tales is that of bravery. It takes bravery for Coyote in the Navajo narrative to kill the monster and free the people. This theme is repeated in the Karok tale where Coyote confronts the Fire Beings who guard their fire throughout to prevent it from being stolen by human beings. Despite the apparent danger, Coyote knows that if he fails to get the fire, people will keep on dying during the cold seasons. This theme is also present among the Menomini people where the Hell-diver warns the other birds that Manabozho was killing their friends. The Hell-diver does this regardless of the threat of developing red eyes for breaking the rule. However, his bravery rescues the other birds from the evil Manabozho. (Radin 33) Although Native America has diverse peoples and languages, many elements of mythology are shared across the different regions. A male normally plays the character of the Trickster and his main duty is to show people the way they should go. In most cases, the trickster loves to unsettle people and create disorder. In most narratives, the trickster is presented as a hero and he pulls pranks that in the end help the whole community. An example is where Coyote steals fire to benefit human beings without himself benefiting in any way. Another story is where â€Å"Trickster† disguises himself as a woman to ensure that his friends do not go without a meal. Another tale from the Northwest Coast region explains how a certain chief stole all the light, plunging the whole universe into darkness. Using trickery, a raven flew into the land disguised as a seed and later managed to steal the sun ensuring that people got bac k light. This shows a consistency in plot element representation in all the stories. (Radin 37) Conclusion Although there are different Native American Trickster narratives, majority of them carry the same themes. These trickster narratives have been taught orally through the generations and they have managed to maintain their original message. The themes that are most common in the narratives include the theme of bravery, selflessness and transformation. These themes are altogether useful in creating a prosperous society. This perhaps explains why these tales have continued to be relevant even in our modern society. The uniformity of the themes in all the tales can be used to depict the togetherness of the American society.Advertising Looking for research paper on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Works Cited Babcock-Abrahams, Barbara. A Tolerated Margin of Mess: The Trickster and His Tales Reconsidered. Journal of the Folklore Institute, vol. 11, 1975: 147-186. Print. Radin, Paul. The Trickster: A Study in American Indian Mythology. New York: Greenwood Press, 1969, 30-40. Print. Smith, Jennifer. Africa Native American Trickster Folktales, 2005. Web. This research paper on Themes in Native American Tricksters was written and submitted by user Jameson Bell to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on The Role Of The Criminal Justice System

In reading the chapter on The Role of the CJ System and the definitions of conflict versus consensus, I never knew that these types of models existed. In the material, it stated that the consensus model of criminal justice argues that the organizations of a criminal justice system either do, or should, work cooperatively to produce justice, as opposed to competitively. On the other hand the conflict model of criminal justice argues that the organizations of a criminal justice system either do, or should, work competitively to produce justices, as opposed to cooperatively. System conflict theory argues that worries over fame, promotion, wages, and success cause the criminal justice system to conflict with itself. This view disputes that there is no true system and points to the role of adversarial processes, in particular, which are seen to be basic to the â€Å"system†, and the fact that many criminal justice organizations normally share as little information as possible. One example of conflict within the system is that between the police and prison officials. The model claims that police desire to put criminals into prison whereas prison officials who are concerned about overcrowded facilities may desire to release criminals from prison (early release programs for nonviolent crimes). Another example of conflict within the system is that criminal justice officials may or do have their own agenda. Aspects of their agenda can be for any or all of the following reasons: pressures of success; promotion; pay increases; and general accountability. All these aspects in my opinion occurs at every job whether it be in the lowest administrative field in the workforce itself or higher up the later in the criminal justice fields. Most individuals believe that when theses aspects occur in the lower part of a ladder in the workforce, that it is normal but when it occurs in the criminal justice fields, i.e. police, detectives, judges, etc, sometime... Free Essays on The Role Of The Criminal Justice System Free Essays on The Role Of The Criminal Justice System In reading the chapter on The Role of the CJ System and the definitions of conflict versus consensus, I never knew that these types of models existed. In the material, it stated that the consensus model of criminal justice argues that the organizations of a criminal justice system either do, or should, work cooperatively to produce justice, as opposed to competitively. On the other hand the conflict model of criminal justice argues that the organizations of a criminal justice system either do, or should, work competitively to produce justices, as opposed to cooperatively. System conflict theory argues that worries over fame, promotion, wages, and success cause the criminal justice system to conflict with itself. This view disputes that there is no true system and points to the role of adversarial processes, in particular, which are seen to be basic to the â€Å"system†, and the fact that many criminal justice organizations normally share as little information as possible. One example of conflict within the system is that between the police and prison officials. The model claims that police desire to put criminals into prison whereas prison officials who are concerned about overcrowded facilities may desire to release criminals from prison (early release programs for nonviolent crimes). Another example of conflict within the system is that criminal justice officials may or do have their own agenda. Aspects of their agenda can be for any or all of the following reasons: pressures of success; promotion; pay increases; and general accountability. All these aspects in my opinion occurs at every job whether it be in the lowest administrative field in the workforce itself or higher up the later in the criminal justice fields. Most individuals believe that when theses aspects occur in the lower part of a ladder in the workforce, that it is normal but when it occurs in the criminal justice fields, i.e. police, detectives, judges, etc, sometime...

Globalization and its Impact on Today's International Business Essay

Globalization and its Impact on Today's International Business - Essay Example It describes that world economy is taking a more global shape and discusses the main drivers of globalization by arguing that the drivers are playing a key role to set up a more firmly integrated global financial system. A substantial preference is given to two factors to underlie the implications of globalization i.e. declining barriers to the international businesses and the continuous changes in communication, information processing, and transportation modes. It also analyzes that how the international businesses are reacting to the changing environment of global economy. The paper puts some light on the concerns highlighted by rapid globalization along with its implications to particular countries as well as a short history of globalization and the growth of international marketing by multinational companies. The roles of these companies and government policies have been critically analyzed to figure out the benefits and gray areas of globalization. Further through the critical a nalysis, an endeavor has been made to discuss the famous questions like what the benefits of globalization are, and what are its threats, both real and perceived? What do the terms international business, international transaction, and international trade mean? What are the differences between international business and domestic business? At the end, the paper gives a brief overview about the future scenario of world business environment. Globalization Over the past thirty years or so, a universal shift has been occurring in the world economy. There was a time when national economies were isolated from one another and relatively self contained. The rationale of isolation included barriers to cross-border trade and investment, i.e. due to distance, time zone, environment and cultures, natural differences in languages and political regulations, and the business systems. Today, the world has been observing a totally different scenario because geographical distances are reducing due to tremendous development in telecommunications and transportation technologies. Beside this, the global environment and culture have turned into almost same fashion while national economies are merging into an integrated as well as independent global economic system. All these changes and developments have decreased the barriers to cross-border trade and investments. The process of these changes in global economy is generally known as globalization (Panic, 2003). Impact on International Business: A General Overview Impact of globalization can be observed at a global scale in numbers of different fields including economic, social, political, cultural, and technological aspects of life. It has affected the human life in different angles of their individual and collective norms. In the cultural context, globalization has impacts on thoughts, theories, idealism, consumer behavior, and practices of human race (Grossman & Krueger, 1995). In the perspective of international business, its imp acts range from manufacturing, production, promotion, consumption, commercial exchange, and distribution. One of the major impacts of globalization on international business is that it forced the world to establish certain institutions

The theory of Financial Repression and its Application in Economies of Essay

The theory of Financial Repression and its Application in Economies of Different Countries - Essay Example This essay describes the concept of financial repression, and illustrate the mechanism of its action, using the cases of different countries. The studies conducted by experts confirm that the restrictions imposed on the financial sectors of these two countries have indeed negatively impact on their respective economies giving credence to the McKinnon-Shaw hypothesis. Financial repression must have been fundamentally influenced by Keynesian economics as well as provoked by the instability of the early 20th century events. Financial repression is underpinned by the theory that the state should intervene in financial matters to ensure lesser demand for money that should be channeled instead to the capital/labour sector. It was McKinnon and Shaw, who called attention of the world to the negative effects of such practices. Their hypothesis recommended the liberalisation of the financial sectors from such restrictions to stop stagnation and initiate economic growth. They asserted that financial repression causes economic stagnation and that countries must therefore liberalise their financial sectors. This assertion is confirmed by other studies and models as well. Nonetheless, a number of cases exists that point to a contrary finding such as the cases of Korea and Malaysia that were both placed under financial repression in the 1980s to avert financial collapse. This paper presented the cases of India and China, both of which are considered emerging global super economies, where the provisions of the theory proved to be accurate. ... The existence of financial repression can be deduced from the presence of the following factors: unsystematic distortions in financial prices such as interest and exchange rates; interest rates with ceiling caps and nominal interest at fixed rates, which lead to low or even negative real interest rates; high reserve ratios; guided credit programmes, and; ineffective credit rationing (Bhole 16). Gupta (2004), however, narrowed down the elements of financial repression into interest rate ceilings, high reserve requirements and compulsory credit allocation. The consequences of these intermediary measures are: the implementation of high reserve and liquidity ratio for the purpose of easing budget deficits forcing banks to hold government bonds and money; private bond and equity markets remain undeveloped because of the difficulty of getting government money from private securities, and; government measures adopted to discourage private financial entities from competing with the public se ctor and to spur low-cost investment characterise the banking sector with interest rate caps (2). Financial repression is an economic tool usually employed by developing countries and was popular before the last quarter of the 20th century. It was said to be a knee-jerk reaction to the events of the first half of that century. History shows that the first half of the 20th century was blighted by two financial catastrophic events: the Wall Street Crash in 1929, and; the Great Depression, which was instigated by the Crash. These two events were themselves thought to be two of the underpinning reasons for the outbreak of WWII. The lesson that these events brought was that command economies were more stable and that the state can take the

Should All College Courses Be Specifically Related to a Future Essay

Should All College Courses Be Specifically Related to a Future Occupation - Essay Example Most college students, therefore, have their outstanding aspiration of settling for their future careers after graduation as their core objective. It becomes indisputable that the number of citizens served by college graduates, in their areas of specialization, is high. The nature of the professions handled by graduates is that of a highly critical endeavor, sometimes involving health and international relations issues. The fact that many colleges prioritize future occupation of learners rather than enhancing students with extensive comprehension of other skills becomes worrying. The effect of this mode of education can spread to bring extensive implications, some negative and irreversible. Teaching in colleges should not only include training in future occupation but also other complementary life skills. Unless such complementary skills appear among college courses, the value of education gets to a compromising situation. There is no doubt the importance of college education in ensu ring a solution to life problems and challenges as climate change and economic crisis, among others, is great. In fact, there is a high demand for innovation that makes the quality of life better than it is, or even cheap to afford. All these are possible with intensive training, of college students, in their future occupation. ... Besides the knowledge of research, college students should learn other skills as oratory speech delivery, among other courses. A case in point would be a college student pursuing international relations or political science courses. If, for instance, the student lacks the knowledge of oratory speech delivery, it becomes a challenge. Others may argue that such skills, mentioned, form part of the lesson plans of their related courses. It is true they do. However, it is questionable how many graduates can apply the skills, exceptionally and in an outstanding way.  Ã‚  

Positive and negative effects of globalisation

Positive and negative effects of globalisation Essay Question: Globalisation has led to significant shifts in the world economy over the last three decades. Please describe these major shifts. It has been suggested that globalisation is a major driving force of the global economy towards greater prosperity. It has also been argued that greater globalisation has brought greater risks to the world economy. Given the situation that the whole world has just been facing the most severe financial crisis and economic recession for many decades, what is your view on the globalisation debate? Introduction Define Globalization Globalization refers to the shift towards a more integrated and interdependent world economy (Hill, Cronk, Wickramasekera, 2008). Globalization has brought a lot of people into contact with the world by declining the barriers of the free flow of goods and services, since the World War II and the dramatic technological change and development in recent years mainly in the past three decades (Hill, Cronk, Wickramasekera, 2008). This development has made the people around the world to be connected to each other. Information and money flow quicker than ever. Products produced in one town are available to the rest of the world. It becomes much easier for anyone to travel, communicate and do business internationally. Free flow of goods and service s has produced many opportunities for business. This whole phenomenon has been called globalization. This essay is about globalization, how globalization led to significant shifts in the world, I will describe these major shifts in more details. How globalization has brought the economy and many countries into better prosperity. On the other hand, the greater the globalization the riskiest it gets. Finally, I will view my points on the globalization debate. After the break down of the Soviet Union, globalization accelerated through the world. It included the increasing of integration countries individual economies, the rise in the world trade and multinational companies and the effect of large sums of money moving in and out of economies. People around the globe are more connected to each other than ever before. Information and money flow more quickly than ever. Goods and services produced in one part of the world are increasingly available in all parts of the world. International travel is more frequent. International communication is commonplace. This phenomenon has been titled globalization. McDonalds has more than 25,000 branches in 100 countries (Vijayarani, 2004). This achievement shows how globalization has impacted this organization in terms of culture and operational activities. The success of this fast food chain can be best attributed by its ability and techniques to adapt to local cultures and resources. This ability has benefited McDonalds tremendously by allowing McDonalds to spread its brand worldwide which is now earning the company over $4.0 billion annually in revenue (Lockyer, 2006). The problems of globalizations attributed by various cultures and management systems were turned into opportunities by the companyà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s continued sensitivity to local cultures. For instance, McDonalds has training programs translated in over 35 different languages mainly English, Spanish, German, French and Chinese to suit the needs of customers as well the needs of various franchises worldwide. Globalization has been accompanied by multiple developments on the world stage, or may have existed before. But it increased the degree of appearance, and these phenomena may be economic, political, cultural, communications and the most prominent of these is with no doubt the economic phenomena. Transformation of the economy (traditional activities such as the exchange of goods in kind, buying and selling) to a symbolic economy that uses icons and electronic pulses through the computers and electronic devices connectivity, will result in increasing the volume of electronic commerce, electronic data interchange in the trade sector, transport, money, credit and others. Deep interdependence among nations, national economies and the trade through speed and ease of moving goods is a good result outsourcing. Outsourcing is the tasks that were previously performed in-house are now purchased from another firm (Hill, Cronk, Wickramasekera, 2008). Capital and information across borders with the trend towards integration of financial markets, especially with the elimination of many non-tariff barriers and obstacles to the flow after the establishment of World Trade Organization, may arrange for the removal of barriers and obstacles between the markets now that the competition is the strongest factor in determining the type of goods produced by the state. Few regions of the world have been affected by the wave of globalization than the Asia Pacific Basin. Changes have occurred over the past three decades as the result of the increasing interdependence of Asian countries with each other and with the rest of the world (Rondinelli Heffron, 2007). Globalization has led the international interactions and interdependencies have led to the spread of culture influences and the ability of people living near each other anywhere in the world just to communicate with each other (Rondinelli Heffron, 2007). Many multinational corporations benefited from global economy in many ways, some of these organizations have seen the differences in the education level, which made the education sector a major concern. With better education provided, better jobs will be granted and the participation in global economies will be more effective which will lead in high standard of living. (Rondinelli Heffron, 2007). Globalization brings great prosperity to those countries that open their market to the international trade and investment. Countries that do open to the global markets and share its products grow faster than those who limit their domestic markets and limit their participations in international trade. The growth in gross domestic product is associated with export growth (Rondinelli Heffron, 2007). Globalization has brought greater risks to the world economy, worsening debt and increasing multinational corporations Fairies. The prevalence of multinational corporations, with control over investment, production and international, MNC companies such as IBM, Microsoft, and others, especially after the World Trade Organization equated between these companies and national companies in the transaction. The problem of the global debt, especially the debt of the third world, poor countries with no capacity to pay as well as the debt services and profits of multinational companies has grown in a scary way. Many MNC have been cutting down in employment number, just to reduce their debts. The emergence of a new international division of work in which the developed countries gave to the developing countries for some manufacturing industries (i.e. industries that depend on the conversion of the raw material to processes goods can benefit from them), that do not meet a comparative advantage, such as intensive industries, labor-intensive and polluting the environment while developed countries have focused on high-tech industries like computers, software, and telecommunications equipment and electronic industries with safer and higher profitability and less employment. Areas like information and communication technologies grant not only the interests of global capitalism but also many small groups to publish their messages and ideas. This is demonstrated by the Democratic side of the development of modern technical. In fact the great diversity of representatives of the actors on the pages of the information network of international non-governmental organizations working in the areas of human rights and the environment through the opponents of globalization and access to the movements of Nazism and the radical. On the other hand, the effectiveness of campaigns organized by some of these parties against State policies and large corporations. This does not mean in any way deny the fact that there are centers and parties in the modern world with remains globalized world of ideas and visions, symbols and letters coming in large part from the cultural frameworks in the developed North controlling the accounts of the overall strength. However, the previou s analysis proves that how they formulated and published on the basis of these components and the image that is the interaction with and awareness deny the essence of a unilateral approach, and widespread in our midst, which sees in globalization merely a synonym for domination. Anti-globalization Not only the term of globalization has increased since the last years, but also anti-globalization has appeared and is still increasing. The first wave of global protest began in the mid-1970s and focused on the austerity measures adopted as part of the à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"structural adjustmentà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚  programmed (Munck, 2007). Anti-globalization is the umbrella term for a group of different protest causes, including: environmentalism, third world debt, animal rights, child labor, anarchism, and anti-capitalism and opposition to multinationals. The most attacked institutions of anti-globalization protests have been especially World Trade Organization (WTO), International Monetary Fund (IMF), and World Bank (Hill, Cronk, Wickramasekera, 2008). As the big businesses are increasing all around the world, anti-global activities and protests are also increasing their level of strength and violence. McDonalds is one of the most criticized companies by anti-globali sts who reproached corporations low wages, advertising practices, participation in deforestation, harvesting of animals, and promotion of junk food and an unhealthy diet. There were several trials between McDonalds and activists and it did not matter whether activist had won or not, because both cases negatively influenced the good name of the corporation. Activists claim that McDonalds is selling junk food that is overly saturated with salt, sugar, and fats, producing high cholesterol (Kellner, 2001). Moreover, this food is overpriced and it destroys traditions like home cooking, individualized family restaurants, and a balanced and healthy diet. McDonalds is Multinational Corporation that does not customize its products and because of its enormous growth all around the worth, McDonalds is the paradigm of mass homogeneity, sameness, and standardization which erases individuality, specificity and difference. Globalization Debate Indeed, globalization has over hundreds of years contributed to the progress of the world, through travel, trade, migration, spread of cultural influences and dissemination of knowledge (Rondinelli Heffron, 2007). Globalization has brought many positive aspects to some countries. Lowering the prices of goods and services has made many customers and consumers happy. For example, Australia was greeted with news in early 2007 that manufactures will be relocated to India. This has led to a huge in a loss of job. However, manufactures operating in India are producing in lower costs which will lead to lowering the price of this product (Hill, Cronk, Wickramasekera, 2008). As well as, this operation will lead to a better economy for India, because an increase income is provided, jobs will be provided as well. At the same time relocating of manufactures or services from advanced countries to poor-labor countries will destroy many jobs in the wealthy advanced countries. An example is Etisalat communications. Their call center was located in Dubai when the company was operating in Emirates. In 2009, the company started operating in Egypt, which made them use the low wages and the low operating costs in Egypt. So they moved their call center to Egypt. As well as a lot of MNC will decrease their wage rates of unskilled employees in developed countries. Any problem in one country can affect the whole world. Open, global market means that any financial diesis will spread widely. In conclusion, Globalization has made the people around the whole world connected with each other. Sending and receiving money is just matter of seconds nowadays. This made many companies go international. An example of Multinational Corporation is McDonalds. McDonalds who become successful and powerful around the world had taken into consideration many aspects of management strategy which benefited them. Globalization has existed before, but it increased in new levels. The economic level was and still the most important one. Countries with global economy with less trade regulations and trade goods and services more frequently, will result in an increase in the trade sectors, money and transportations. Outsourcing has led to the spread of culture influences. However globalization has brought great risks to the world. The problem of the global debt and the poor countries has grown in an effective ways. Some companies had to fire most of their employees to reduce their debt. Anti-globalization has ap peared in the mid 70s and focused on measures adopted as part of the structural adjustment. Anti-globalization is a term of group of different protest causes like animal rights, child labor and anti-capitalism. McDonaldà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s is one of the most criticized companies by anti-globalists. Positive aspects of globalization are the low prices of goods, new available jobs, the production process have become cheaper and some economies benefited. On the other hand, granting jobs in one country means the loss of jobs in other country, destroying manufacturing jobs in the developed countries and reducing the wage rate of unskilled labor in the developed countries. In the end I agree with the term globalization because overall the benefits that came out of it are more effective and made the whole world better-off.

Symbolism in Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman Essay -- Death Salesm

Symbolism in Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman In his play, Death of a Salesman, Arthur Miller employs many symbols to illustrate the themes of success and failure.   They include the rubber hose, the tape recorder, and the seeds for the garden.   These symbols represent Willy's final, desperate attempts to be successful and the failure he cannot escape.  Ã‚  Ã‚   The rubber hose represents both success and failure.   It is attached to the gas main in Willy's house and provides him with the opportunity to commit suicide.   Willy sees this as a way to finally do something for his family to make up for years of disappointment.   He will no longer be a burden to them when he is gone, and they will remember him in a positive light.   Yet Willy cannot even commit suicide successfully.   His attempt is a failure, so he lies to his family and denies that he was going to kill himself.   His wife Linda, who finds the hose, knows what he was going to do with it, as does Biff.   When confronted by Biff, Willy not only denies that he was going to use the hose, but also denies ever seeing it before.   Instead of being remembered as a successful businessman who died, Willy is seen by his family as a failure who cannot even commit suicide or tell the truth.  Ã‚   Another important symbol is Howard's tape recorder.   It represents the many material objects wealthy businessmen could provide for their families and for themselves.   Willy wanted this lifestyle; he wanted "something he could lay his hands on" (Miller pg.  Ã‚   ).   It would not be enough to just be successful; Willy wanted to be able to show people material representations of his success.   The tape recorder shows that Howard has reached this level of success.   Yet while the recorder symbolizes ... ...o could acquire such technical wonders.   Even if he could afford them for himself and for his family as other businessmen could, he couldn't figure out how to work them because he did not change with the times.   Finally, Willy hoped to show his family that he could do something right and give them a little pleasure by planting seeds in the backyard.   He hoped that these seeds would grow into a wonderful garden for all of them to enjoy.   Then his family would appreciate him.   But the garden fails, as does Willy.   Willy Loman wants to be a successful businessman that his family can be proud of.   The hose, tape recorder and seeds represent just a few of his attempts to do this.   Yet as with everything in Willy's life, what initially stands for hope ends up symbolizing failure. Work Cited: Miller, Arthur. Death of a Salesman. New York: The Viking Press 1988